Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA) refers to the process of soldering or assembling electronic components onto a bare printed circuit board (PCB) to create a fully functional electronic circuit. This process is crucial in modern electronics manufacturing, as PCBs serve as the backbone for connecting and supporting electronic components. Printed circuit assembly ensures that components such as resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits are correctly placed and securely connected, allowing the electronic device to perform its intended functions. The evolution of PCB Assembly technology has paralleled advancements in electronic devices, from simple circuits to highly complex systems used in computers, smartphones, and industrial equipment.